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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medication is the initial treatment of choice for ADHD. They have a long record of robust response, good tolerability and safety across the entire lifespan. It is important to determine the appropriate medication and dosage that relieves your or your child's symptoms without side effects. This often takes lots of trial and trial and open dialog with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are substances that enhance the activity of the central nervous system. They are widely used as enhancement of cognitive and performance by students, athletes, artists, and workers. They are also used in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), eating disorders that cause binge eating, and other anxiety disorders. The most common stimulant medications are methylphenidates and amphetamines. FDA-approved prescription stimulants come in both immediate-release and prolonged-release formulations. The immediate-release medications are typically taken every 4 hours. When they stop working they can cause a sudden and short-term loss of energy. The crash could cause severe cravings, mood swings and fatigue. Immediate-release medications also can increase blood pressure and heart rate for some people, particularly when they don't eat enough. Extended-release medicines are formulated to release active ingredients over a period of 8 to 16 hours. This type of medication can be prescribed by your physician when you're looking for long-lasting symptoms control without taking pills frequently throughout the day. Methylphenidate products that fall into the extended-release category include Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin. Daytrana is a methylphenidate with a long-acting product that adheres to your skin like a bandage, and is able to last for the entire day. This type of medication is available to adults suffering from ADHD and require a daily dosage that lasts longer than immediate-release alternatives. The use of stimulants doesn't treat ADHD However, they can assist in managing symptoms by enhancing the way that neurons in the brain communicate with each with each other. They accomplish this by altering the levels of neurotransmitters that are present in the brain, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, by blocking or binding to their receptors. This allows more neurotransmitters be released, and it assists in ensuring that messages between neurons are more effectively sent and received. In addition to stimulants, doctors can prescribe antidepressants to treat ADHD. The majority of antidepressants doctors prescribe for ADHD alter the levels of norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine in your brain. One group, known as selective serotonin receptor inhibitors, is a good choice for people who have anxiety or depression, too. These medications are often combined with stimulants to enhance their effectiveness. Other reasons your doctor might switch you between stimulant and non-stimulant medications are if your old medication isn't working, or has undesirable side effects. Long-acting Between 70 and 80% children and adults with ADHD benefit from stimulants. They reduce symptoms like fidgeting and talking over others. They can also improve job performance and social abilities. Stimulant medications begin to work when they cross the blood-brain barrier, which can take anywhere between 45 and 60 minutes. They boost the levels of dopamine and Norepinephrine between brain cells, which decreases the intensity of impulses and hyperactivity. A stimulant drug that is FDA-approved uses one of two molecules, methylphenidate, (Adderall Ritalin Vyvanse Concerta) or amphetamine (Ritalin Adderall XR Vyvanse Vyvanse). Stimulants can cause side reactions that include stomach upset, decreased appetite, elevated blood pressure and heart rate headaches, as well as nervousness or anxiety. They can also make tics worse and can cause sleep issues in certain people. Long-acting stimulants, like Strattera or Wellbutrin, are effective all day and night. Short-acting medications are only effective for a few hours. They can be used to treat other conditions such as depression or anxiety. The medications affect the way your body regulates monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases break down dopamine inside the brain, along with other neurotransmitters. These chemicals stay in your body for longer if not broken down. This can affect your behavior and thinking. Long-acting medications can have fewer side effects, and your doctor may prescribe smaller doses that you can take throughout the day. Certain stimulants are available as extended-release formulations that you take daily. This may be more convenient for some adults, however it's crucial to remember to take them every day. Other medications have been shown to be effective in treating many adults suffering from ADHD, including selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These are usually used for anxiety or depression, but they can also be prescribed for ADHD and 70% of people react. Bupropion, also referred to as Wellbutrin is an SSRI approved for ADHD. It was proven to be more efficient in a controlled research than placebos. These drugs can cause serious side effects, like hearing ringing anxiety, and changes in heart, vision and lung function. Short-acting The stimulant medication helps reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing levels dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. These are two chemicals that aid people in focusing and regulate their behavior. These drugs come in many different forms and each has its own brand name, like Adderall Vyvanse Ritalin Concerta. There are two major types of stimulant medications, methylphenidates and amphetamines. They all have similar effects, however their duration of action differs. The methylphenidates produce less lasting effects that can last as long as three hours, while the amphetamines provide longer-lasting effects. Some people tolerate stimulant medications better than others, which is why your doctor might prescribe them. It is crucial to be aware of as much as you can about the medication. This includes any adverse effects, how often it is recommended to take it, and any warnings. This will make it easier to work with your physician in figuring out the right dosage and medication for you. These medications can also cause adverse side effects, like insomnia or loss in appetite. Talk to your doctor in the event that you experience any of these side effects. You may have to alter your dosage or even try a different medication. Adults with ADHD who aren't responding well to stimulants could be treated with non-stimulant medicines, which take longer to begin working but improve a person's ability to concentrate and control impulses. These drugs can be prescribed alone or in combination with stimulants. Atomoxetine, also known as Strattera or Qelbree, is the first. It is a stimulant of dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the prefrontal cortex that regulates behavior. Guanfacine, also known as Intuniv, belongs to the group of drugs called alpha-agonists. These drugs work by preventing the reuptake process and increasing the amount of brain chemicals in the bloodstream. Guanfacine, originally developed to treat high blood pressure, has been shown to be effective in treating ADHD. Combinations People suffering from ADHD utilize a variety of drug combinations. This includes stimulants paired with depressant drugs such as the guanfacine or clonidine. These drugs can have a calming effect on the brain, and can decrease symptoms like insomnia and aggressive behavior. They also help prevent withdrawal symptoms that can result from stimulants. However, this combination can be risky if properly used. Combining two stimulants at simultaneously increases the risk of serotonin syndrome, a drug emergency that occurs when the body is flooded with too many serotonin. This combination can also increase the heart rate and blood pressure. The risks of taking this drug are higher for those with pre-existing health conditions such as high blood pressure or heart disease. Combinations of stimulants are increasingly being used by teenagers and young adults. These drugs, which are available in pharmacies, are often known as “legal highs”. These drugs are also available on the black market. These substances can be hazardous especially when mixed with alcohol or other drugs. This is known as polydrug use, and can be extremely dangerous. Mixing drugs can trigger unpredictable and harmful consequences, such as an increased heart rate, slow breathing, paranoia, hallucinations seizures, addiction and hallucinations. A study concluded that combination therapy was more effective than monopharmacotherapy for treating ADHD. Combining medications helped improve adherence and allowed patients to achieve better relief from symptoms than monotherapy. A majority of patients, however, stopped their treatment due to side effects. In add medication adults I Am Psychiatry is possible that the medication has been discontinued due to sleep problems or worsening of tics. This could be due to a misdiagnosis or the absence of medication. Nonstimulants can also be used to treat ADHD. They are effective in improving attention span and impulse regulation, but not as well as stimulants. They are less likely to suppress appetite and increase. Certain antidepressants can also be prescribed for ADHD however they are less likely of enhancing focus and concentration. Numerous studies have demonstrated that atomoxetine and methylphenidate (Concerta) can be combined to yield superior results than either on its own. The combination of the two drugs was shown to improve adherence and reduce the risk of adverse reactions in a majority of people. The combination was effective for adolescents and young adults. This combination may be an alternative for children suffering from severe ADHD.